Job Descriptions
We have gathered a list of job titles and descriptions to help you decide on what career would best fit you.
A job description describes the major areas of an employee's job or position. A good job description begins with a careful analysis of the important facts about a job - such as the individual tasks involved, the methods used to complete the tasks, the purpose and responsibilities of the job, the relationship of the job to other jobs, and the qualifications needed for that particular job.
A job description should be dynamic, functional and current. It should be left open, as most duties may change after being hired. A well-written, practical job description will help avoid a relevant assignment because "it isn't in my job description."
Realistically speaking, many jobs are subject to change, due either to personal growth, organizational development and/or the evolution of new technologies. Flexible job descriptions will allow you the ability to grow within you position and learn how to make larger contributions to that company. For example: Is an office manager stuck "routinely ordering office supplies for the company and keeping the storage closet well stocked " or is she/he "developing and implementing a system of ordering office supplies that promotes cost savings and efficiency within the organization?"
When reading a job description, keep in mind that the job description will serve as a major basis for outlining job training or conducting future job evaluations.
A job description describes the major areas of an employee's job or position. A good job description begins with a careful analysis of the important facts about a job - such as the individual tasks involved, the methods used to complete the tasks, the purpose and responsibilities of the job, the relationship of the job to other jobs, and the qualifications needed for that particular job.
A job description should be dynamic, functional and current. It should be left open, as most duties may change after being hired. A well-written, practical job description will help avoid a relevant assignment because "it isn't in my job description."
Realistically speaking, many jobs are subject to change, due either to personal growth, organizational development and/or the evolution of new technologies. Flexible job descriptions will allow you the ability to grow within you position and learn how to make larger contributions to that company. For example: Is an office manager stuck "routinely ordering office supplies for the company and keeping the storage closet well stocked " or is she/he "developing and implementing a system of ordering office supplies that promotes cost savings and efficiency within the organization?"
When reading a job description, keep in mind that the job description will serve as a major basis for outlining job training or conducting future job evaluations.
A Job Description should include a:
- Job Title
Job Objective or Overall Purpose Statement - This statement is generally a summary designed to orient the reader to the general nature, level, purpose and objective of the job. The summary should describe the broad function and scope of the position and be no longer than three to four sentences. - List of Duties or Tasks Performed - The list contains an item by item list of principal duties, continuing responsibilities and accountability of the occupant of the position. The list should contain each and every essential job duty or responsibility that is critical to the successful performance of the job. The list should begin with the most important functional and relational responsibilities and continue down in order of significance. Each duty or responsibility that comprises at least five percent of the incumbent's time should be included in the list.
Description of the Relationships and Roles the occupant of the position holds within the company, including any supervisory positions, subordinating roles and/or other working relationships. - Job Specifications, Standards and Requirements - the minimum qualifications needed to perform the essential functions of the job such as education, experience, knowledge and skills. Any critical skills and expertise needed for the job should be included. For example, for a receptionist, critical skills may be having 1) a professional and courteous telephone manner, 2) legible hand-writing if messages are to be taken 3) the ability to handle a multiple-lined phone system for a number of staff members and 4) the patience and endurance to sit behind a desk all day.
- Job Location - where the work will be performed
- Equipment to be used in the performance of the job. For example, does the company's computers run in a Apple MacIntosh or PC Windows environment?
- Collective Bargaining Agreements - agreements and terms that relate to job functions, if applicable, such as when the company's employees are members of a union.
- Non-Essential Functions - functions which are not essential to the position or any marginal tasks performed by the incumbent of the position.
- Salary Range - Exact amount of salary should not be explained, rather a range of pay that the company is willing to pay. It is always good to check out salary.com, or other salary websites to help you understand what people are getting paid for that particular position, within that particular geographic area.
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ACCOUNT EXECUTIVE
Plans, coordinates, and directs advertising campaign for clients of advertising agency: Confers with client to determine advertising requirements and budgetary limitations, utilizing knowledge of product or service to be advertised, media capabilities, and audience characteristics. Confers with agency artists, copywriters, photographers, and other media-production specialists to select media to be used and to estimate costs. Submits proposed program and estimated budget to client for approval. Coordinates activities of workers engaged in marketing research, writing copy, laying out artwork, purchasing media time and space, developing special displays and promotional items, and performing other media-production activities, in order to carry out approved campaign.
ACCOUNTANT
Applies principles of accounting to analyze financial information and prepare financial reports: Compiles and analyzes financial information to prepare entries to accounts, such as general ledger accounts, documenting business transactions. Analyzes financial information detailing assets, liabilities, and capital, and prepares balance sheet, profit and loss statement, and other reports to summarize current and projected company financial position, using calculator or computer. Audits contracts, orders, and vouchers, and prepares reports to substantiate individual transactions prior to settlement. May establish, modify, document, and coordinate implementation of accounting and accounting control procedures. May devise and implement manual or computer-based system for general accounting. May direct and coordinate activities of other accountants and clerical workers performing accounting and bookkeeping tasks.
ADJUDICATOR
Adjudicates claims filed by government against individuals or organizations: Determines existence and amount of liability, according to law, administrative and judicial precedents and other evidence. Recommends acceptance or rejection of compromise settlement offers.
ADMINISTRATIVE ASSISTANT
Aids executive in staff capacity by coordinating office services, such as personnel, budget preparation and control, housekeeping, records control, and special management studies: Studies management methods in order to improve workflow, simplify reporting procedures, or implement cost reductions. Analyzes unit operating practices, such as recordkeeping systems, forms control, office layout, suggestion systems, personnel and budgetary requirements, and performance standards to create new systems or revise established procedures. Analyzes jobs to delimit position responsibilities for use in wage and salary adjustments, promotions, and evaluation of workflow. Studies methods of improving work measurements or performance standards. Coordinates collection and preparation of operating reports, such as time-and-attendance records, terminations, new hires, transfers, budget expenditures, and statistical records of performance data. Prepares reports including conclusions and recommendations for solution of administrative problems. Issues and interprets operating policies. Reviews and answers correspondence. May assist in preparation of budget needs and annual reports of organization. May interview job applicants, conduct orientation of new employees, and plan training programs. May direct services, such as maintenance, repair, supplies, mail, and files. May compile, store, and retrieve management data, using computer.
ADMINISTRATIVE CLERK
Compiles and maintains records of business transactions and office activities of establishment, performing variety of following or similar clerical duties and utilizing knowledge of systems or procedures: Copies data and compiles records and reports. Tabulates and posts data in record books. Computes wages, taxes, premiums, commissions, and payments. Records orders for merchandise or service. Gives information to and interviews customers, claimants, employees, and sales personnel. Receives, counts, and pays out cash. Prepares, issues, and sends out receipts, bills, policies, invoices, statements, and checks. Prepares stock inventory. Adjusts complaints. Operates office machines, such as typewriter, adding, calculating, and duplicating machines. Opens and routes incoming mail, answers correspondence, and prepares outgoing mail. May take dictation. May greet and assist visitors. May prepare payroll. May keep books. May purchase supplies. May operate computer terminal to input and retrieve data. May be designated according to field of activity or according to location of employment as Adjustment Clerk (retail trade; tel. & tel.); Airport Clerk (air trans.); Colliery Clerk (mine & quarry); Death-Claim Clerk (insurance); Field Clerk (clerical). May be designated: Agency Clerk (insurance); Auction Clerk (clerical); Construction-Records Clerk (construction; utilities); Shop Clerk (clerical).
ADMITTING OFFICER
Coordinates activities related to admission of patients in hospital or other medical facility: Confers with physicians, and nursing, housekeeping, transport, and other staff members to coordinate and schedule admission of patient. Assigns accommodations based on physician's admittance orders, patient's preference, nature of illness, availability of space, and other information, and enters bed assignment information into computer. Prepares records of admission, transfer, and other required data. Notifies departments of patient's admission. Reviews clerical work of interviewers and other personnel. Keeps records of admissions and discharges, and compiles occupancy-census data. May interview patient or patient's representative to obtain necessary personal and financial data to determine eligibility for admission. May perform duties described under SUPERVISOR (clerical) Master Title.
ADVERTISING CLERK
Compiles advertising orders for submission to publishers and verifies conformance of published advertisements to specifications, for billing purposes: Reviews order received from advertising agency or client to determine specifications. Computes cost of advertisement, based on size, date, position, number of insertions, and other requirements, using rate charts. Posts cost data on order and worksheet. Types and mails order and specifications to designated publishers. Files order data pending receipt of publication. Scans publication to locate published advertisement. Measures advertisement, using ruler or transparent calibrated overlay, to verify conformance to size specifications [ADVERTISING-SPACE CLERK (print. & pub.)]. Compares advertisement with order to verify conformance to other specifications. Computes difference in cost when published advertisement varies from specifications and posts corrected costs on order controls. Separates tear sheet (page upon which advertisement appears) from publication, types and attaches identifying information to tear sheet; and routes with order and worksheet to billing department.
ADVERTISING-SPACE CLERK
Measures and draws outlines of advertising space on dummy newspaper copy and compiles and records identifying data on dummy copy and other worksheets used as guides for production workers: Computes total inches of advertising and news copy for next day's edition, using adding machine, and reads chart to determine required number of newspaper pages. Measures and draws outlines of advertisements in sizes specified onto dummy copy sheets, using pencil and ruler and arranging advertisements on each sheet so that competitive ones do not appear on same page and balance is attained. Records name of advertiser and dimensions of advertisement within ruled outlines and date and page number on each sheet. Extracts data from dummy copy and other sources and records onto lineage breakdown sheets (production worksheets). Delivers dummy copy and lineage breakdown sheets to designated production and administrative personnel for review and use.
AERIAL-PHOTOGRAPH INTERPRETER
Analyzes aerial photographs to detect significant military, industrial, resource, or topographical data: Studies photographs to locate enemy positions, camouflaged military installations and equipment, roads, industrial centers, rivers, wooded areas, and to determine nature of terrain. Interprets photographs to evaluate enemy strength and to predict military intentions. May draw maps for use of field commanders in planning deployment of troops. May interpret photographs for timber evaluation, water shed management, construction, or mining. May request enlargement of photograph for more detailed analysis. May use computers and data banks to store, retrieve, and compare information.
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEER
Designs, develops, and tests aircraft, space vehicles, surface effect vehicles, missiles, and related component systems, applying engineering principles and techniques: Designs and develops commercial, military, executive, general aviation, or special purpose aircraft, space vehicles, satellites, missiles, or related hardware or systems. Tests models, prototypes, subassemblies, or production vehicles to study and evaluate operational characteristics and effects of stress imposed during actual or simulated flight conditions. May specialize in design and development of structural components, such as wings, fuselage, rib assemblies, landing gear, or operational control systems. May specialize in analytical programs concerned with ground or flight testing, or development of acoustic, thermodynamic, or propulsion systems. May assist in planning technical phases of air transportation systems or other aspects of flight operations, maintenance, or logistics.
AGENT-CONTRACT CLERK
Evaluates character and ability of prospective agents, and approves their contracts to sell insurance for company: Reviews prospect's application for employment, inspection report, and recommendations to evaluate applicant's character and qualifications. Approves contract if applicant meets company requirements. Corresponds with agency to explain rejection of prospect. Sends application and fee for license to licensing agency. Notifies licensing agency of agent's contract termination. May prepare bulletins to inform insurance agency personnel of revisions in company practices and procedures.
AGRICULTURAL ENGINEER
Applies engineering technology and knowledge of biological sciences to agricultural problems concerned with power and machinery, electrification, structures, soil and water conservation, and processing of agricultural products: Develops criteria for design, manufacture, or construction of equipment, structures, and facilities. Designs and uses sensing, measuring, and recording devices and instrumentation to study such problems as effects of temperature, humidity, and light, on plants or animals, or relative effectiveness of different methods of applying insecticides. Designs and directs manufacture of equipment for land tillage and fertilization, plant and animal disease and insect control, and for harvesting or moving commodities. Designs and supervises erection of structures for crop storage, animal shelter, and human dwelling, including light, heat, air-conditioning, water supply, and waste disposal. Plans and directs construction of rural electric-power distribution systems, and irrigation, drainage, and flood-control systems for soil and water conservation. Designs and supervises installation of equipment and instruments used to evaluate and process farm products, and to automate agricultural operations. May conduct radio and television educational programs to provide assistance to farmers, local groups, and related farm cooperatives. Workers are usually designated according to area of specialty or product.
AGRICULTURAL-ENGINEERING TECHNICIAN
Prepares original layout and completes detailed drawings of agricultural machinery and equipment, such as farm machinery, irrigation, power, and electrification systems, soil and water conservation equipment and agricultural harvesting and processing equipment: Applies biological and engineering knowledge, design principles, and theories to ensure compliance with company policy, and an end product which will perform as required. Maintains working knowledge of functions, operations, and maintenance of various types of equipment and materials used in the industry to assure appropriate utilization.
AGRONOMIST
Conducts experiments or investigations in field-crop problems and develops new methods of growing crops to secure more efficient production, higher yield, and improved quality: Plans and carries out breeding studies at experiment stations or farms to develop and improve varieties of field crops, such as cotton, tobacco, or cereal with respect to characteristics, such as yield, quality, adaptation to specific soils or climates, and resistance to diseases and pests [PLANT BREEDER (profess. & kin.)]. Studies crop production to discover best methods of planting, cultivation, harvesting, and effects of various climatic conditions on crops. Develops methods for control of noxious weeds, crop diseases, and insect pests [PLANT PATHOLOGIST (profess. & kin.)]. May specialize in specific field crop, group of field crops, or specific agronomic problem.
AIRBRUSH ARTIST OR PHOTOGRPAH RESTORER
Restores damaged and faded photographs or colors and shades drawings to simulate photographs, using airbrush: Examines drawing or photographic print to determine coloring, shading, and changes required. Cuts out masking template, using shears, and positions templates on control areas to be sprayed. Mixes ink or paint solutions according to color specifications and spraying consistency desired. Sprays solution over control area to fill in and blend missing parts of photograph or to give depth, perspective, and tone to drawing, using airbrush. Builds up or changes photograph backgrounds to block out undesirable or distracting details, using airbrush. Inks borders and lettering on illustrations and paints in details missing from photographs, using pen, brush, and drafting instruments. Rubs eraser over specified areas and applies white ink to highlight illustrations, using brush or pen. May specialize in mechanical and industrial designs and be designated Airbrush Artist, Technical (profess. & kin.); or in photograph restoring and be designated Airbrush Artist, Photography (profess. & kin.).
AIRPLANE-FLIGHT ATTENDANT
Performs variety of personal services conducive to safety and comfort of airline passengers during flight: Greets passengers, verifies tickets, records destinations, and directs passengers to assigned seats. Assists passengers to store carry-on luggage in overhead, garment, or under seat storage. Explains use of safety equipment, such as seat belts, oxygen masks, and life jackets. Walks aisle of plane to verify that passengers have complied with federal regulations prior to take off. Serves previously prepared meals and beverages. Observes passengers to detect signs of discomfort, and issues palliatives to relieve passenger ailments, such as airsickness and insomnia. Administers first aid according to passenger distress when needed. Answers questions regarding performance of aircraft, stopovers, and flight schedules. Performs other personal services, such as distributing reading material and pointing out places of interest. Prepares reports showing place of departure and destination, passenger ticket numbers, meal and beverage inventories, palliatives issued, and lost and found articles. May collect money for meals and beverages.
AIRPORT ATTENDANT
Performs any combination of following duties in maintenance of small airports and in servicing aircraft: Periodically inspects buildings and hangars to detect fire hazards and violations of airport regulations. Examines firefighting equipment to detect malfunctions and fills depleted fire extinguishers. Performs necessary minor repairs to fire trucks and tractors. Fills light bombs with kerosene and positions bombs on landing field to illuminate danger areas. Cleans, fills, and lights smokepots used to indicate wind direction, and repairs or replaces windsock and other wind indicating devices. Replaces defective bulbs or burnt-out fuses in lighting equipment, such as landing lights and boundary lights. Fills holes and levels low places and bumps in runways and taxiing areas. Cuts grass on airport grounds [LABORER, AIRPORT MAINTENANCE (air trans.)]. Patrols airfield to ensure security of aircraft and facilities. Verifies and reports specified amount of gasoline and oil supplies. Blocks and stakes down airplanes. Records airport data, such as number of planes stored in hangars, plane landings and departures, and number of passengers carried on planes. May wash and clean cabins and exterior surfaces of airplanes. May fill airplane tanks with gasoline and oil [LINE-SERVICE ATTENDANT (air trans.)]. May be required to possess Red Cross first-aid certificate to render emergency treatment to victims.
ALLERGIST-IMMUNOLOGIST
Diagnoses and treats diseases and conditions with allergic or immunologic causes: Examines patient, utilizing medical instruments and equipment, patch tests, and blood tests as diagnostic aids. Elicits and records information about patient's history. Analyses reports and test results and prescribes treatment or medication for conditions, such as bronchial asthma, dermatological disorders, connective tissue syndromes, transplantation, and autoimmunity. Refers patients to ancillary and consultant services when indicated.
AMBULANCE ATTENDANT
Accompanies and assists AMBULANCE DRIVER (medical ser.) on calls: Assists in lifting patient onto wheeled cart or stretcher and into and out of ambulance. Renders first aid, such as bandaging, splinting, and administering oxygen. May be required to have Red Cross first-aid training certificate.
AMBULANCE DRIVER
Drives ambulance to transport sick, injured, or convalescent persons: Places patients on stretcher and loads stretcher into ambulance, usually with help of AMBULANCE ATTENDANT (medical ser.). Takes sick or injured persons to hospital, or convalescents to destination, using knowledge and skill in driving to avoid sudden motions detrimental to patients. Changes soiled linen on stretcher. Administers first aid as needed. May shackle violent patients. May report facts concerning accident or emergency to hospital personnel or law enforcement officials.
ANIMAL BREEDER
Breeds and raises animals, such as cats, dogs, guinea pigs, mice, monkeys, rabbits, and rats: Selects and breeds animals, according to knowledge of animals, genealogy, traits, and offspring desired. Feeds and waters animals, and cleans pens, cages, yards, and hutches. Examines animals to detect symptoms of illness or injury. Treats minor injuries and ailments and engages VETERINARIAN (medical ser.) to treat animals with serious illnesses or injuries. Records weight, diet and other breeding data. Builds and maintains hutches, pens, and fenced yards. Adjusts controls to maintain specific temperature in building. Arranges for sale of animals to hospitals, research centers, pet shops, and food processing plants. May exhibit animals at shows. May be designated according to kind of animal bred and raised as Cat Breeder (agriculture); Dog Breeder (agriculture); Guinea-Pig Breeder (agriculture); Monkey Breeder (agriculture); Mouse Breeder (agriculture); Rabbit Breeder (agriculture); Rat Breeder (agriculture).
ANIMAL CARETAKER
Performs any combination of following duties to attend animals, such as mice, canaries, guinea pigs, mink, dogs, and monkeys, on farms and in facilities, such as kennels, pounds, hospitals, and laboratories: Feeds and waters animals according to schedules. Cleans and disinfects cages, pens, and yards and sterilizes laboratory equipment and surgical instruments. Examines animals for signs of illness and treats them according to instructions. Transfers animals between quarters. Adjusts controls to regulate temperature and humidity of animals' quarters. Records information according to instructions, such as genealogy, diet, weight, medications, food intake, and license number. Anesthetizes, inoculates, shaves, bathes, clips, and grooms animals. Repairs cages, pens, or fenced yards. May kill and skin animals, such as fox and rabbit, and pack pelts in crates. May be designated according to place worked such as Dog-Pound Attendant (government ser.); Farmworker, Fur (agriculture); Helper, Animal Laboratory (pharmaceut.); Kennel Attendant (agriculture); Pet Shop Attendant (retail trade); Veterinary-Hospital Attendant (medical ser.).
ANIMAL TRAINER
Trains animals to obey commands, compete in shows, or perform tricks to entertain audience: Evaluates animal to determine temperament, ability, and aptitude for training. Conducts training program to develop desired behavior. May organize format of show. May conduct show. May cue or signal animal during performance. May rehearse animal according to script for motion picture or television film or stage or circus program. May train guard dog to protect property. May teach guide dog and master to function as team. May feed, exercise, and give general care to animal. May observe animal's physical condition to detect illness or unhealthy condition requiring medical care. May be designated according to specific animal trained. May be designated Head Animal Trainer (amuse. & rec.) or Senior Animal Trainer (amuse. & rec.) when directing activities of other workers.
ANTHROPOLOGIST
Makes comparative studies in relations to distribution, origin, evolution, and races of humans, cultures they have created, and their distribution and physical characteristics: Gathers, analyzes, and reports data on human physique, social customs, and artifacts, such as weapons, tools, pottery, and clothing. May apply anthropological data and techniques to solution of problems in human relations in fields, such as industrial relations, race and ethnic relations, social work, political administration, education, public health, and programs involving transcultural or foreign relations. May specialize in application of anthropological concepts to current problems and be designated Applied Anthropologist (profess. & kin.). May specialize in study of relationships between language and culture and socialinguistic studies and be designated Anthropological Linguist (profess. & kin.); or in study of relationship between individual personality and culture and be designated Psychological Anthropologist (profess. & kin.); or in study of complex, industrialized societies and be designated Urban Anthropologist (profess. & kin.).
APPLICATIONS ENGINEER, MANUFACTURING
Plans, designs, and coordinates integration of machinery and equipment into manufacturing process of industrial establishment, applying knowledge of engineering and programming, and using computer, precision-measuring instruments, and drafting tools: Develops and writes equipment specifications, performance requirements, cost analysis, and proposal for integrating machinery and equipment, such as robots, $T3robot controllers,$T1 and $T3programmable controllers$T1 into manufacturing process, applying knowledge of mechanics, hydraulics, pneumatics, electrical wiring, electronics, programming, and manufacturing requirements, and using computer and calculator. Selects or designs robot end-of-arm tools to meet specifications, using robot manuals and either drafting tools or computer and software programs. Writes operating programs, using existing computer program, or writes own computer programs, applying knowledge of programming language and computer. Oversees installation to ensure machines and equipment are installed and functioning according to specifications. Tests ability of machines, such as robot, to perform tasks, using $T3teach pendant$T1 and precision measuring instruments and following specifications. Confers with establishment personnel to implement operating procedures and resolve system malfunctions. Determines parts supply, maintenance tasks, safety procedures, and service schedule required to maintain machines and equipment in prescribed condition. Develops models of alternate processing methods to test feasibility of new applications of system components, and recommends implementation of improved procedures. Participates in meetings, seminars, and training sessions to stay apprised of new developments in field. Confers with workers in other departments, such as marketing, legal, and engineering, to provide technical information. May develop and conduct robot and related equipment training programs and demonstrate skills to trainees, using teach pendant, handtools, precision-measuring instruments, and following schematics, plant drawings, and manufacturer's specifications.
AQUARIST
Attends fish and other aquatic life in aquarium exhibits: Prepares food and feeds fish according to schedule. Cleans tanks and removes algae from tank windows. Attends to aquatic plants and decorations in displays. Collects and compares water samples to color-coded chart for acid analysis and monitors thermometers to ascertain water temperature. Adjusts thermostat and adds chemicals to water to maintain specified water conditions. Observes fish to detect disease and injuries, reports condition to supervisor, and treats fish according to instructions. May fire sedation gun and assist crew expedition members in collection of aquatic life.
ARCHITECT
Researches, plans, designs, and administers building projects for clients, applying knowledge of design, construction procedures, zoning and building codes, and building materials: Consults with client to determine functional and spatial requirements of new structure or renovation, and prepares information regarding design, specifications, materials, color, equipment, estimated costs, and construction time. Plans layout of project and integrates engineering elements into unified design for client review and approval. Prepares scale drawings and contract documents for building contractors. Represents client in obtaining bids and awarding construction contracts. Administers construction contracts and conducts periodic on-site observation of work during construction to monitor compliance with plans. May prepare operating and maintenance manuals, studies, and reports. May use computer-assisted design software and equipment to prepare project designs and plans. May direct activities of workers engaged in preparing drawings and specification documents.
ARCHIVIST
Appraises and edits permanent records and historically valuable documents, participates in research activities based on archival materials, and directs safekeeping of archival documents and materials: Analyzes documents, such as government records, minutes of corporate board meetings, letters from famous persons, and charters of nonprofit foundations, by ascertaining date of writing, author, or original recipient of letter, to appraise value to posterity or to employing organization. Directs activities of workers engaged in cataloging and safekeeping of valuable materials and directs disposition of worthless materials. Prepares or directs preparation of document descriptions and reference aids for use of archives, such as accession lists, indexes, guides, bibliographies, abstracts, and microfilmed copies of documents. Directs filing and cross indexing of selected documents in alphabetical and chronological order. Advises government agencies, scholars, journalists, and others conducting research by supplying available materials and information according to familiarity with archives and with political, economic, military, and social history of period. Requests or recommends pertinent materials available in libraries, private collections, or other archives. Selects and edits documents for publication and display, according to knowledge of subject, literary or journalistic expression, and techniques for presentation and display. May be designated according to subject matter specialty as Archivist, Economic History (profess. & kin.); Archivist, Military History (profess. & kin.); Archivist, Political History (profess. & kin.); or according to nature of employing institution as Archivist, Nonprofit Foundation (nonprofit organ.). In smaller organizations, may direct activities of libraries.
ART DIRECTOR
Formulates design concepts, selects locations and settings, and directs and coordinates set design, construction, and erection activities to produce sets for motion picture and television productions: Reads script and confers with heads of production and direction to establish budget, schedules, and determine setting requirement. Conducts research and consults experts to establish architectural styles which accurately depict given periods and locations. Conducts search for suitable locations and constructed sets. Assigns assistants and staff members to complete design ideas and prepare sketches, illustrations, and detailed drawings of sets. Directs design and production of graphics or animation to produce graphics or animation for on-air programs. Estimates construction costs and presents plans and estimates for approval. Directs and coordinates set construction, erection, and decoration activities to ensure that they conform to design, budget, and schedule requirements. Reviews budget and expenditures reports to monitor costs. May make rough drawings of design concepts. May formulate design concepts for costumes, makeup, photographic effects, titles, and related production items.
ASTROLOGER
Prepares and analyzes horoscope to advise clients regarding future trends and events: Prepares horoscope by computing position of planets, their relationship to each other and to zodiacal signs, based on factors, such as time and place subject was born. Analyzes horoscope chart to advise client, such as person or company, regarding conditions which lie ahead, course of action to follow, and probability of success or failure of that action.
ASTRONOMER
Observes and interprets celestial phenomena and relates research to basic scientific knowledge or to practical problems, such as navigation: Studies celestial phenomena by means of optical, radio, or other telescopes, equipped with such devices as cameras, spectrometers, radiometers, photometers, and micrometers, which may either be on ground or carried above atmosphere with balloons, rockets, satellites, or space probes. Interprets information obtained in terms of basic physical laws. Determines sizes, shapes, brightness, spectra, and motions, and computes positions of sun, moon, planets, stars, nebulae, and galaxies. Calculates orbits of various celestial bodies. Determines exact time by celestial observations, and conducts research into relationships between time and space. Develops mathematical tables giving positions of sun, moon, planets, and stars at given times for use by air and sea navigators. Conducts research on statistical theory of motions of celestial bodies. Analyzes wave lengths of radiation from celestial bodies, as observed in all ranges of spectrum. Studies history, structure, extent, and evolution of stars, stellar systems, and universe. May design new and improved optical, mechanical, and electronics instruments for astronomical research. May specialize in either observational or theoretical aspects of stellar astronomy, stellar astrophysics, interstellar medium, galactic structure, extragalactic astronomy, or cosmology.
AUDITOR
Examines and analyzes accounting records to determine financial status of establishment and prepares financial reports concerning operating procedures: Reviews data regarding material assets, net worth, liabilities, capital stock, surplus, income, and expenditures. Inspects items in books of original entry to determine if accepted accounting procedure was followed in recording transactions. Counts cash on hand, inspects notes receivable and payable, negotiable securities, and cancelled checks. Verifies journal and ledger entries of cash and check payments, purchases, expenses, and trial balances by examining and authenticating inventory items. Prepares reports for management concerning scope of audit, financial conditions found, and source and application of funds. May make recommendations regarding improving operations and financial position of company. May supervise and coordinate activities of auditors specializing in specific operations of establishments undergoing audit. May audit banks and financial institutions and be designated Bank Examiner (government ser.). May examine company payroll and personnel records to determine worker's compensation coverage and be designated Payroll Auditor (insurance).
BILLING CLERK
Operates calculator and typewriter to compile and prepare customer charges, such as labor and material costs: Reads computer printout to ascertain monthly costs, schedule of work completed, and type of work performed for customer, such as plumbing, sheet metal, and insulation. Computes costs and percentage of work completed, using calculator. Compiles data for billing personnel. Types invoices indicating total items for project and cost amounts.
BIOCHEMIST
Studies chemical processes of living organisms: Conducts research to determine action of foods, drugs, serums, hormones, and other substances on tissues and vital processes of living organisms. Isolates, analyzes, and identifies hormones, vitamins, allergens, minerals, and enzymes and determines effects on body functions. Examines chemical aspects of formation of antibodies, and conducts research into chemistry of cells and blood corpuscles. Studies chemistry of living processes, such as mechanisms of development of normal and abnormal cells, breathing and digestion, and of living energy changes, such as growth, aging, and death. May specialize in particular area or field of work and be designated Chemist, Clinical (profess. & kin.); Chemist, Enzymes (profess. & kin.); Chemist, Proteins (profess. & kin.); Chemist, Steroids (profess. & kin.). May clean, purify, refine, and otherwise prepare pharmaceutical compounds for commercial distribution and develop new drugs and medications and be designated Chemist, Pharmaceutical (profess. & kin.).
BIOGRAPHER
Specializes in reconstruction in narrative form of career or phase in life of individual: Assembles biographical material from sources, such as news accounts, diaries, personal papers and correspondence, written accounts of events in which subject participated, and consultation with associates and relatives of subject. Portrays character and behavior of subject on basis of historical environment and application of psychological analysis, relating subject's activities to pertinent events during subject's lifetime [WRITER, PROSE, FICTION AND NONFICTION (profess. & kin.)].
BIOLOGIST
Studies basic principles of plant and animal life, such as origin, relationship, development, anatomy, and functions: May collect and analyze biological data to determine environmental effects of present and potential use of land and water areas, record data, and inform public, state, and federal representatives regarding test results. May prepare environmental impact reports. May specialize in research centering around particular plant, animal, or aspect of biology. May teach. May specialize in wildlife research and management and be designated Wildlife Biologist (profess. & kin.).
BIOPHYSICIST
Studies physical principles of living cells and organisms, their electrical and mechanical energy, and related phenomena: Conducts research to investigate dynamics in such areas as seeing and hearing; the transmission of electrical impulses along nerves and muscles, and damage to cells and tissues caused by x rays and nuclear particles; manner in which characteristics of plants and animals are carried forward through successive generations; and absorption of light by chlorophyll in photosynthesis or by pigments of eye involved in vision. Analyzes functions of electronic and human brains, such as transfer of information into brain from outside (learning), transfer and manipulation of information within brain (thinking), and storage of information (memory). Studies spatial configuration of submicroscopic molecules, such as proteins, using x ray and electron microscope. May specialize in one activity, such as use of radiation and nuclear particles for treating cancer or use of atomic isotopes to discover transformation of substances in cells.
BOTANIST
Studies development and life processes, physiology, heredity, environment, distribution, anatomy, morphology, and economic value of plants for application in such fields as agronomy, forestry, horticulture, and pharmacology: Studies behavior of chromosomes and reproduction, internal and external structures, and examines mechanics and biochemistry of plants and plant cells, using microscopes, staining techniques, and scientific equipment. Investigates environment and plant communities and effect of rainfall, temperature, climate, soil, and elevation on plant growth from seed to mature plants. Identifies and classifies plants. May conduct environmental studies and prepare reports. May be designated according to field of specialization as Plant Ecologist (profess. & kin.); Plant Taxonomist (profess. & kin.).
BROKERAGE CLERK I
Records purchase and sale of securities, such as stocks and bonds, for investment firm: Computes federal and state transfer taxes and commissions, using calculator and rate tables. Verifies information, such as owners' names, transaction dates, and distribution instructions, on securities certificates to ensure accuracy and conformance with government regulations. Posts transaction data to accounting ledgers and certificate records. Types data on confirmation form to effect transfer of securities purchased and sold. Receives securities and cash and schedules delivery of customer securities.
BUYER
Purchases merchandise or commodities for resale: Inspects and grades or appraises agricultural commodities, durable goods, apparel, furniture, livestock, or other merchandise offered for sale to determine value and yield. Selects and orders merchandise from showings by manufacturing representatives, growers, or other sellers, or purchases merchandise on open market for cash, basing selection on nature of clientele, or demand for specific commodity, merchandise, or other property, utilizing knowledge of various articles of commerce and experience as buyer. Transports purchases or contacts carriers to arrange transportation of purchases. Authorizes payment of invoices or return of merchandise. May negotiate contracts for severance of agricultural or forestry products from land. May conduct staff meetings with sales personnel to introduce new merchandise. May price items for resale. May be required to be licensed by state. May be identified according to type of commodities, merchandise, or goods purchased.
C.O.D. CLERK
Sorts c.o.d. bills according to type of delivery or consignor and computes charges on bills and amounts collected: Sorts c.o.d. bills according to type of delivery or consignor, such as will-call parcel post, or store delivery. Computes total of bills and verifies total against accounting records. Calculates and records amount of money collected on delivery route for c.o.d. bills, using adding and calculating machines. May search customer records to correct addresses on misdirected packages [WRONG-ADDRESS CLERK (retail trade)].
CALLER
Notifies members of train, engine, or yard crews to report for duty or meetings: Obtains addresses and telephone numbers from personnel records. Talks to workers by telephone to inform them of time to report. Positions worker's name tag on assignment board. Records reason given by worker unable to report and gives information to TRAIN DISPATCHER (r.r. trans.) or DISPATCHER CLERK (r.r. trans.).
CAMERA OPERATOR
Photographs various subjects and subject material, using motion picture, television broadcasting, or video recording cameras and equipment, utilizing knowledge of motion picture, television broadcasting, or video recording techniques, limitations, and advantages to photograph scenes: Resolves problems presented by exposure control, subject and camera movement, changes in subject distance during filming, and related variables. May receive directives from PRODUCER (radio-tv broad.) 159.117-010 or DIRECTOR, TELEVISION (radio-tv broad.) 159.067-014 over headset. May set up and operate dollies, cranes, camera mounting heads, power zooms, and related motion picture, television broadcasting, or video recording equipment and accessories. May maintain or repair equipment and accessories. May specialize in particular subject material or field, such as medical, scientific, news, or commercial. May photograph action on motion picture or television sets and locations, using shoulder held camera, and be designated Camera Operator, Second (motion picture; radio-tv broad.) or photograph special effects and be designated Camera Operator, Special Effects (motion picture; radio-tv broad.). May specialize in operation of television cameras and be designated Camera Operator, Television (radio-tv broad.). May specialize in operation of motion picture cameras and be designated Photographer, Motion Picture (motion picture).
CARDIOLOGIST
Diagnoses and treats diseases of heart and its functions: Examines patient for symptoms indicative of heart disorders, using medical instruments and equipment. Studies diagnostic images and electrocardiograph recordings to aid in making diagnoses. Prescribes medications, and recommends dietary and activity program, as indicated. Refers patient to SURGEON (medical ser.) 070.101-094 specializing in cardiac cases when need for corrective surgery is indicated. May engage in research to study anatomy of and diseases peculiar to heart.
CARDIOPULMONARY TECHNOLOGIST
Performs diagnostic tests of cardiovascular and pulmonary systems of patients to aid physician in diagnosis and treatment of heart, lung, and blood vessel disorders: Prepares patient for test and explains procedures to obtain cooperation and reassure patient. Conducts electrocardiogram, phonocardiogram, echocardiogram, stress testing, and other tests to aid in diagnosis of cardiovascular system, using variety of specialized electronic test equipment, recording devices, and laboratory instruments. Conducts tests of pulmonary system to aid physician in diagnosis of pulmonary disorders, using spirometer and other respiratory testing equipment. Operates multichannel physiologic monitor, as part of cardiac catheterization team, to measure and record functions of cardiovascular and pulmonary systems of patient during cardiac catheterization. Alerts physician to instrument readings outside normal ranges during cardiac catheterization procedures. Provides test results to physician.
CAREER-GUIDANCE TECHNICIAN
Collects and organizes occupational data to provide source materials for school career information center, and assists students and teachers to locate and obtain materials: Orders, catalogues, and maintains files on materials relating to job opportunities, careers, technical schools, colleges, scholarships, armed forces, and other programs. Assists students and teachers to locate career information related to students' interests and aptitudes, or demonstrates use of files, shelf collections, and other information retrieval systems. Assists students to take and score self-administered vocational interest and aptitude tests. Keeps records of students enrolled in work experience program and other vocational programs to assist counseling and guidance staff. Schedules appointments with school guidance and counseling staff for students requiring professional assistance. May make presentations to parent and other groups to publicize activities of career center. May operate audio-visual equipment, such as tape recorders, record players, and film or slide projectors.
CARTOON DESIGNER
Lays out and draws embroidery cartoon on pattern paper to form embroidery pattern for emblems, according to specifications: Lays out and draws sketch of cartoon, using drafting instruments, such as triangle, pencils, and crayons. Places customer-approved cartoon in enlarging apparatus. Positions pattern paper on drawing board beneath enlarger and pushes button to illuminate enlarger. Looks through eyepiece of enlarger and traces image of cartoon onto pattern paper to form embroidery pattern. Writes specifications on border of pattern and marks identifying information on outside of pattern, using pencil.
CARTOONIST
Draws cartoons for publications to amuse readers and interpret or illustrate news highlights, advertising, stories, or articles: Develops personal ideas or reads written material to develop ideas from context. Discusses ideas with editor or publisher's representative or sketches cartoon drawing and submits drawing for approval. Makes changes and corrections as necessary and finishes drawing. May develop and draw comic strips. May be designated according to type of cartoons drawn as Editorial Cartoonist (print. & pub.); Sports Cartoonist (print. & pub.).
CERTIFIED MEDICATION TECHNICIAN
Administers prescribed medications to patients and maintains related medical records under supervision of NURSE, GENERAL DUTY (medical ser.) 075.364-010: Verifies identity of patient receiving medication and records name of drug, dosage, and time of administration on specified forms or records. Presents medication to patient and observes ingestion or other application, or administers medication, using specified procedures. Takes vital signs or observes patient to detect response to specified types of medications and prepares report or notifies designated personnel of unexpected reactions. Documents reasons prescribed drugs are not administered. Gives direct patient care, such as bathing, dressing, and feeding patients, and assisting in examinations and treatments [NURSE AIDE (medical ser.) 355.674-014]. May receive supply of ordered medications and apportion, mix, or assemble drugs for administration to patient. May record and restock medication inventories.
CHEF
Supervises, coordinates, and participates in activities of cooks and other kitchen personnel engaged in preparing and cooking foods in hotel, restaurant, cafeteria, or other establishment: Estimates food consumption, and requisitions or purchases foodstuffs. Receives and examines foodstuffs and supplies to ensure quality and quantity meet established standards and specifications. Selects and develops recipes based on type of food to be prepared and applying personal knowledge and experience in food preparation. Supervises personnel engaged in preparing, cooking, and serving meats, sauces, vegetables, soups, and other foods. Cooks or otherwise prepares food according to recipe [COOK (hotel & rest.) 313.361-014]. Cuts, trims, and bones meats and poultry for cooking. Portions cooked foods, or gives instructions to workers as to size of portions and methods of garnishing. Carves meats. May employ, train, and discharge workers. May maintain time and payroll records. May plan menus. May supervise kitchen staff, plan menus, purchase foodstuffs, and not prepare and cook foods [EXECUTIVE CHEF (hotel & rest.) 187.167-010]. May be designated according to cuisine specialty as Chef, French (hotel & rest.); Chef, German (hotel & rest.); Chef, Italian (hotel & rest.); or according to food specialty as Chef, Broiler Or Fry (hotel & rest.); Chef, Saucier (hotel & rest.). May supervise worker preparing food for banquet and be designated Banquet Chef (hotel & rest.).
CHEMIST
Conducts research, analysis, synthesis, and experimentation on substances, for such purposes as product and process development and application, quantitative and qualitative analysis, and improvement of analytical methodologies: Devises new equipment, and develops formulas, processes, and methods for solution of technical problems. Analyzes organic and inorganic compounds to determine chemical and physical properties, utilizing such techniques as chromatography, spectroscopy, and spectrophotometry. Induces changes in composition of substances by introduction of heat, light, energy, and chemical catalysts. Conducts research on manufactured products to develop and improve products. Conducts research into composition, structure, properties, relationships, and reactions of matter. Confers with scientists and engineers regarding research, and prepares technical papers and reports. Prepares standards and specifications for processes, facilities, products, and tests. May be designated according to chemistry specialty as Chemist, Analytical (profess. & kin.); Chemist, Inorganic (profess. & kin.); Chemist, Organic (profess. & kin.); Chemist Physical (profess. & k in.).
CHIROPRACTOR
Diagnoses and treats musculoskeletal conditions of spinal column and extremities to prevent disease and correct abnormalities of body believed to be caused by interference with nervous system: Examines patient to determine nature and extent of disorder. Performs diagnostic procedures including physical, neurologic, and orthopedic examinations, laboratory tests, and other procedures, using x-ray machine, proctoscope, electrocardiograph, otoscope, and other instruments and equipment. Manipulates spinal column and other extremities to adjust, align, or correct abnormalities caused by neurologic and kinetic articular dysfunction. Utilizes supplementary measures, such as exercise, rest, water, light, heat, and nutritional therapy.
CLERK, GENERAL
Performs any combination of following and similar clerical duties requiring limited knowledge of systems or procedures: Writes, types, or enters information into computer, using keyboard, to prepare correspondence, bills, statements, receipts, checks, or other documents, copying information from one record to another. Proofreads records or forms. Counts, weighs, or measures material. Sorts and files records. Receives money from customers and deposits money in bank. Addresses envelopes or packages by hand or with typewriter or addressograph machine. Stuffs envelopes by hand or with envelope stuffing machine. Answers telephone, conveys messages, and runs errands. Stamps, sorts, and distributes mail. Stamps or numbers forms by hand or machine. Photocopies documents, using photocopier.
COLUMNIST/COMMENTATOR
Analyzes news and writes column or commentary, based on personal knowledge and experience with subject matter, for publication or broadcast: Gathers information and develops subject perspective through research, interview, experience, and attendance at functions, such as political conventions, news meetings, sports events, and social activities. Analyzes and interprets information to formulate and outline story idea. Selects material most pertinent to presentation, organizes material into acceptable media form and format, and writes column or commentary. Records commentary or presents commentary live when working in broadcast medium. May be required to develop material to fit media time or space requirements. May analyze current news items and be designated News Analyst (radio-tv broad.). May be designated according to medium worked in as Columnist (print. & pub.); Commentator (radio-tv broad.). May specialize in particular field, such as sports, fashion, society, or politics. May analyze topics chosen by publication or broadcast facility editorial board. May enter information into computer to prepare commentaries.
CONTROLLER
Directs financial activities of organization or subdivision of organization: Prepares, using computer or calculator, or directs preparation of, reports which summarize and forecast company business activity and financial position in areas of income, expenses, and earnings, based on past, present, and expected operations. Directs determination of depreciation rates to apply to capital assets. Establishes, or recommends to management, major economic objectives and policies for company or subdivision. May manage accounting department. May direct preparation of budgets. May prepare reports required by regulatory agencies. May advise management on desirable operational adjustments due to tax code revisions. May arrange for audits of company accounts. May advise management about property and liability insurance coverage needed. May direct financial planning, procurement, and investment of funds for organization [TREASURER (profess. & kin.) 161.117-018].
COPY WRITER
Writes advertising copy for use by publication or broadcast media to promote sale of goods and services: Consults with sales media, and marketing representatives to obtain information on product or service and discuss style and length of advertising copy. Obtains additional background and current development information through research and interview. Reviews advertising trends, consumer surveys, and other data regarding marketing of specific and related goods and services to formulate presentation approach. Writes preliminary draft of copy and sends to supervisor for approval. Corrects and revises copy as necessary. May write articles, bulletins, sales letters, speeches, and other related informative and promotional material. May enter information into computer to prepare advertising copy.
COUNSELOR
Counsels individuals and provides group educational and vocational guidance services: Collects, organizes, and analyzes information about individuals through records, tests, interviews, and professional sources, to appraise their interests, aptitudes, abilities, and personality characteristics, for vocational and educational planning. Compiles and studies occupational, educational, and economic information to aid counselees in making and carrying out vocational and educational objectives. Refers students to placement service. Assists individuals to understand and overcome social and emotional problems. May engage in research and follow-up activities to evaluate counseling techniques. May teach classes. May be designated according to area of activity as Academic Counselor (education); Career Placement Services Counselor (education); Employment Counselor (government ser.); Guidance Counselor (education); Vocational Adviser (education).
CYTOLOGIST
Studies plant and animal cells: Selects and sections minute particles of animal or plant tissue for microscopic study, using microtome and other equipment and employs stain techniques to make cell structures visible or to differentiate parts: Studies parts of cells and details of cell division into new cells, using microscope. Analyzes cells concerned with reproduction, and means by which chromosomes divide or unite. Studies formation of sperm and eggs in animal sex glands and origin of blood and tissue cells. Conducts research in physiology of unicellular organisms, such as protozoa, to ascertain physical and chemical factors involved in growth. Studies influence of physical and chemical factors upon malignant and normal cells. Evaluates exfoliated, asperated, or abraded cells to assess hormonal status and presence of atypical or malignant changes. May be designated according to specialty as Animal Cytologist (profess. & kin.); Plant Cytologist (profess. & kin.).
DANCER
Dances alone, with partner, or in group to entertain audience: Performs classical, modern, or acrobatic dances, coordinating body movements to musical accompaniment. Rehearses dance movements developed by CHOREOGRAPHER (amuse. & rec.). May choreograph own dance. May sing and provide other forms of entertainment. May specialize in particular style of dancing and be designated according to specialty as Acrobatic Dancer (amuse. & rec.); Ballet Dancer (amuse. & rec.); Ballroom Dancer (amuse. & rec.); Belly Dancer (amuse. & rec.); Chorus Dancer (amuse. & rec.); Interpretative Dancer (amuse. & rec.); Strip-Tease Dancer (amuse. & rec.); Tap Dancer (amuse. & rec.).
DIETETIC TECHNICIAN
Provides services in assigned areas of food service management, teaches principles of food and nutrition, and provides dietary consultation, under direction of DIETITIAN, CLINICAL (profess. & kin.) 077.127-014: Plans menus based on established guidelines. Standardizes recipes and tests new products for use in facility. Supervises food production and service. Obtains and evaluates dietary histories of individuals to plan nutritional programs. Guides individuals and families in food selection, preparation, and menu planning, based upon nutritional needs. Assists in referrals for continuity of patient care. May select, schedule, and conduct orientation and in-service education programs. May develop job specifications, job descriptions, and work schedules. May assist in implementing established cost control procedures.
DIRECTOR OF ADMISSIONS
Directs and coordinates admissions program of public or private college or university, according to policies developed by governing board: Directs program of admissions counseling and reviews exceptional admissions cases. Confers with staff of other schools to explain admission requirements and student transfer credit policies. Evaluates courses offered by other schools to determine their equivalency to courses offered on campus. Directs preparation of printed materials explaining admission requirements and transfer credit policies for dissemination to other schools. May counsel students having problems relating to admissions or may supervise professionally trained admissions counseling staff. May serve on policy making admissions committee. May participate in or conduct student recruitment programs with other members of faculty and staff. May administer financial aid programs.
DIRECTOR OF PHOTOGRAPHY
Plans, directs, and coordinates motion picture filming: Confers with DIRECTOR, MOTION PICTURE (motion picture) regarding interpretation of scene and desired effects. Observes set or location and reviews drawings and other information relating to natural or artificial conditions to determine filming and lighting requirements. Reads charts and computes ratios to determine required lighting, film, shutter angles, filter factors, camera distance, depth of field and focus, angles of view, and other variables to produce desired effects. Confers with ELECTRICIAN, CHIEF (motion picture) to establish lighting requirements. Selects cameras, accessories, equipment, and film stock, utilizing knowledge of filming techniques, filming requirements, and computations. Instructs camera operators regarding camera setup, angles, distances, movement, and other variables and signals cues for starting and stopping filming. Surveys set or location for potential problems, observes effects of lighting, measures lighting levels, and coordinates necessary changes prior to filming. Views film after processing and makes adjustments, as necessary, to achieve desired effects. May direct television productions which utilize electronic cameras. May specialize in special effects and be designated Director Of Photography, Special Effects (motion picture; radio-tv broad.).
DIRECTOR, CASTING
Auditions and interviews performers for specific parts, considering such factors as physical size and appearance, quality of voice, expressiveness, and experience: Submits list of suitable performers to PRODUCER (radio-tv broad.) or DIRECTOR, MOTION PICTURE (motion picture); DIRECTOR, RADIO (radio-tv broad.); DIRECTOR, TELEVISION (radio-tv broad.) for final selection. Keeps talent file, including information, such as personality types, specialties, past performances, and availability of performers. May arrange for screen tests of new performers. May obtain contractual agreement from performers on such items as salary or fees, program credits, residual payments, performance dates, and production schedules.
DIRECTOR, DAY CARE CENTER
Directs activities of preschool, day care center, or other child development facility to provide instruction and care for children: Prepares and submits facility budget to board of trustees, administrative agency, or owner for approval. Authorizes purchase of instructional materials and teaching aids, such as books, toys, and games designed to stimulate learning. Interviews and recommends hiring of teaching and service staff. Confers with parents regarding facility activities, policies, and enrollment procedures. Confers with teaching staff regarding child's behavioral or learning problems, and recommends methods of modifying inappropriate behavior and encouraging learning experiences. Reviews and evaluates facility activities to ensure conformance to state and local regulations. Reviews and approves menu plans and food purchases. May arrange medical attention for ill or injured child in accordance with parental instructions. May perform classroom teaching duties during absence of regular teacher. May be designated Director, Child Development Center (education); Director, Nursery School (education).
DIRECTOR, DENTAL SERVICES
Administers dental program in hospital and directs departmental activities in accordance with accepted national standards and administrative policies: Confers with hospital administrators to formulate policies and recommend procedural changes. Establishes training program to advance knowledge and clinical skill levels of resident dentists studying for dental specializations. Implements procedures for hiring of professional staff and approves hiring and promotion of staff members. Establishes work schedules and assigns staff members to duty stations to maximize efficient use of staff. Observes and assists staff members at work to ensure safe and ethical practices and to solve problems and demonstrate techniques. Confers with hospital administrator to submit budget and statistical reports used to justify expenditures for equipment, supplies, and personnel.
DIRECTOR, FUNDRAISING
Directs and coordinates solicitation and disbursement of funds for community social-welfare organization: Establishes fund-raising goals according to financial need of agency. Formulates policies for collecting and safeguarding contributions. Initiates public relations program to promote community understanding and support for organization's objectives. Develops schedule for disbursing solicited funds. Issues instructions to volunteer and paid workers regarding solicitations, public relations, and clerical duties.
DIRECTOR, MEDIA MARKETING
Plans and administers marketing and distribution of broadcasting television programs and negotiates agreements for ancillary properties, such as copyrights and distribution rights for films and audiovisual materials: Reviews inventory of television programs and films produced and distribution rights of broadcasting station to determine potential markets. Develops marketing strategy, based on knowledge of establishment policy, nature of market, copyright and royalty requirements, and cost and markup factors. Compiles catalog of audiovisual offerings and sets prices and rental fees. Negotiates with media agents to secure agreements for translation of materials into other media. Arranges for reproduction of materials for distribution and examines reproductions for conformity to standards. Edits materials according to specific market or customer requirements. Confers with legal staff to resolve problems, such as copyrights and royalty sharing with outside producers and distributors.
DIRECTOR, TELEVISION
Plans and directs audio and video aspects of television programs, based on program specifications and knowledge of television programming techniques: Interprets script, rehearses cast, and establishes pace of program to stay within time requirements. Informs technicians of scenery, lights, props, and other equipment desired. Approves scenery, costumes, choreography, and music. Issues instructions to technicians from control room during telecast to keep them informed of effects desired, such as dissolves, long shots, medium shots, superimpositions, fade-ins, and fade-outs. May move controls to integrate material from multisite origins into live program. May direct news and special events programs. May direct program for live broadcast or for electronic video recording. May direct nonbroadcast television presentation, such as program for sales, medical, educational, or industrial purposes. May direct commercials. May operate viewing/editing equipment to review and edit program tapes, using personal knowledge of television programming and editing techniques. May key information into computer, using keyboard, to compile letters, memos, and other program material, such as scripts and notes. May be designated Producer-Director (radio-tv broad.) in small station.
DISC JOCKEY
Announces radio program of musical selections: Selects phonograph or tape recording to be played based on program specialty, knowledge of audience taste, or listening audience requests. Comments on music and other matters of interest to audience, such as weather, time, or traffic conditions. May interview musical personalities. May interview members of listening audience who telephone musical requests. May specialize in one type of music, such as classical, pop, rock, or country and western. May write entries onto log to provide information on all elements aired during broadcast, such as musical selections and station promotions. May be designated Combination Operator (radio-tv broad.) when operating transmitter or control console.
DISPATCHER
Coordinates movements of haulage trips (trains) in underground mine to or from working force or dump area: Schedules movements of trains hauling coal, ore, refuse, personnel, or supplies in accordance with capacity of system, interval between trains, and length and direction of trains. Directs movements of special vehicles, such as emergency and repair railcars, to minimize interference with scheduled operations, using telephone, radio, or track signals. Reroutes trains in event of emergency, such as power failure, explosion, fire, or accident. Investigates cause of train delays, using telephone, and reschedules subsequent operations. Transmits reports of accidents or system malfunctions to repair crew and SAFETY ENGINEER (profess. & kin.). Keeps records of train movements, or monitors movements on lighted panelboard showing location of each train in system. May move controls to throw track switches and regulate movement of trains.
DISPLAY DESIGNER
Designs displays, using paper, cloth, plastic, and other material to decorate streets, fairgrounds, buildings, and other places for celebrations, fairs, and special occasions: Confers with client regarding budget, theme, materials, colors, emblem styles, and related factors. Plans display and sketches rough design for client's approval. Selects stock decorations or directs construction according to design concepts. May construct decorations. May direct and supervise workers who put up decorations. May design, draw, paint, or sketch backgrounds and fixtures made of wood, cardboard, paper, plaster, canvas, or other material for use in windows or interior displays and be designated Display Artist (profess. & kin.). May specialize in designing outdoor displays and be designated Display Designer, Outside (profess. & kin.).
DIVER
Works below surface of water, using scuba gear (self-contained underwater breathing apparatus) or in diving suit with air line extending to surface to inspect, repair, remove, and install equipment and structures: Descends into water with aid of DIVER HELPER (any industry), and communicates with surface by signal line or telephone. Inspects docks and bottoms and propellers of ships. Repairs vessels below water line, replacing missing or leaking rivets with bolts. Caulks leaks in ships or caissons. Guides placement of pilings for structures, such as docks, bridges, cofferdams, and oil drilling platforms. Lays, inspects, and repairs underwater pipelines, cables, and sewers, using handtools. Cuts and welds steel, using oxyycetylene cutting torch and arc-welding equipment, utilizing air balloon device for working underwater. Cleans debris from intake and discharge strainers. Removes obstructions from marine railway or launching ways with pneumatic and power handtools. Levels rails by driving wedges beneath track with maul or sledgehammer. Removes launching cradles and sliding ways from keels of newly launched vessels, using power and handtools. Places rigging around sunken objects and hooks rigging to crane lines. Rigs explosives for underwater demolitions. Searches for lost, missing, or sunken objects, such as bodies, torpedoes, sunken vessels, and equipment. Places recording instruments below surface of water preparatory to underwater tests or experiments. May set sheet pilings for cofferdams. May drill holes in rock for blasting purposes at bottom of lake or harbor and be designated Marine Driller (construction). May work in flooded mines. May use armored diving equipment for dangerous missions. May photograph underwater structures or marine life. May place sandbags around pipelines or base of cofferdam to provide structural support.
DRAFTER, ARCHITECTURAL
Prepares detailed drawings of architectural designs and plans for buildings, according to specifications, sketches, and rough drafts provided by ARCHITECT (profess. & kin.) 001.061-010: Draws rough and detailed sketches, drawings, and plans to scale [DRAFTER (profess. & kin.) Master Title].
DRESSMAKER
Makes women garments, such as dresses, coats, and suits, according to customer specifications and measurements: Discusses with customer type of material, pattern, or style to be used in making garment. Measures customer to determine modification from pattern, using tape measure. Positions and pins pattern sections, such as collar, sleeve, or waist, on fabric, and cuts fabric with scissors following pattern edge. Pins or bastes together fabric parts in preparation for final sewing. Sews fabric parts by hand or operates single-needle sewing machine that joins fabric parts to form garment. Sews $T3felling stitch$T1 in hem of garment by hand to conceal thread. Presses garment, using hand iron, to smooth seams and remove wrinkles [PRESSER, HAND (any industry)]. May draft standard pattern according to measurements of customer and adapt pattern to obtain specified style. May make garment according to picture furnished by customer.
DUDE WRANGLER
Performs combination of the following services for patrons of dude ranch to enhance guests' enjoyment: Saddles and unsaddles horses, adjusting equipment to accommodate each guest. Assists guests in mounting and dismounting. Plans itinerary of trips, taking into consideration wishes and preferences of guests, knowledge of terrain, and location of suitable campsites. Packs horses with supplies and provisions for extended or overnight trips. Drives or leads pack horses. Pitches camp, prepares fire, and participates in cooking for camping parties. Advises guests concerning suitable hunting and fishing sites and applicable conservation and wildlife laws. Entertains guests by singing, telling stories, or playing guitar or other instrument. Escorts female guests to dances and other social functions. May participate in rodeos provided by ranch management for entertainment of guests. May repair saddles.
EDITOR, BOOK
Secures, selects, and coordinates publication of manuscripts in book form: Reviews submitted manuscript, determines demand based on consumer trends and personal knowledge, and makes recommendations regarding procurement and revision. Confers with author and publisher to arrange purchase and details, such as publication date, royalties, and number of copies to be printed. Coordinates design and production activities. May assign and supervise editorial staff. May contract design and production or personally design and produce book.
EDITOR, PUBLICATIONS
Formulates policy; plans, coordinates, and directs editorial activities; and supervises workers who assist in selecting and preparing material for publication in magazines, trade journals, house organs, and related publications: Confers with executives, department heads, and editorial staff to formulate policy, coordinate department activities, establish production schedules, solve publication problems, and discuss makeup plans and organizational changes. Determines theme of issue and gathers related material. Writes or assigns staff members or freelance writers to write articles, reports, editorials, reviews, and other material. Reads and evaluates material submitted for publication consideration. Secures graphic material from picture sources and assigns artists and photographers to produce pictures and illustrations. Assigns staff member, or personally interviews individuals and attends gatherings, to obtain items for publication, verify facts, and clarify information. Assigns research and other editorial duties to assistants. Organizes material, plans overall and individual page layouts, and selects type. Marks dummy pages to indicate position and size of printed and graphic material. Reviews final proofs and approves or makes changes. Reviews and evaluates work of staff members and makes recommendations and changes. May perform related editorial duties listed under EDITORIAL ASSISTANT (print. & pub.). May direct activities of production, circulation, or promotion personnel. May prepare news or public relations releases, special brochures, and similar materials. May be designated according to type of publication worked on as Communications Manager (print. & pub.); Editor, Farm Journal (print. & pub.); Editor, House Organ (print. & pub.); Editor, Magazine (print. & pub.); Editor, Trade Journal (print. & pub.); Industrial Editor (print. & pub.).
EDITORIAL WRITER
Writes comments on topics of reader interest to stimulate or mold public opinion, in accordance with viewpoints and policies of publication: Prepares assigned or unassigned articles from knowledge of topic and editorial position of publication, supplemented by additional study and research. Submits and discusses copy with editor for approval. May specialize in one or more fields, such as international affairs, fiscal matters, or national or local politics. May participate in conferences of editorial policy committee to recommend topics and position to be taken by publication on specific public issues.
ELECTRICIAN
Installs and repairs wiring, fixtures, and equipment for all electrical services aboard ship and in shipyard facilities, following blueprints and wiring diagrams: Installs conduit to bulkheads with brackets and screws, using handtools, and threads wires through conduit to terminals, such as connection boxes, circuit breakers, voltage regulators, and switch panels. Strips insulation from wire ends and solders ends to terminals, using stripping pliers and soldering iron. Connects power-supply circuits to radio, radar, sonar, fire control, and other electronic equipment. Tests electrical characteristics, such as voltage, resistance, and phase angle, in circuits, using voltmeters, ohmmeters, and phase rotation indicators. May construct instrument panels, using handtools, rulers, dividers, and power drills, following specifications. May be designated according to work location as Electrician, Ship (ship-boat mfg.); Electrician, Shop (ship-boat mfg.); Electrician, Yard (ship-boat mfg.).
ENGINEER OF SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT
Plans and coordinates activities to provide for orderly development and improve operating efficiency of electric power system: Coordinates scheduling, conducting, and analysis of special studies, such as commercial and residential developments in surrounding territory, population estimates, and advantages of and facilities for interconnections with other power systems. Coordinates collection and analysis of operational data, such as system-load demands and generating capacity. Evaluates analyses and recommends additional facilities to meet requirements of new, increased, or future loads, or to improve system.
ENTOMOLOGIST
Studies insects and their relation to plant and animal life: Identifies and classifies species of insects and allied forms, such as mites and spiders. Aids in control and elimination of agricultural, structural, and forest pests by developing new and improved pesticides and cultural and biological methods, including use of natural enemies of pests. Studies insect distribution and habitat and recommends methods to prevent importation and spread of injurious species.
EXECUTIVE PRODUCER, PROMOS
Directs and coordinates production of promos (promotional spot announcements) for local or national broadcasting service: Directs activities of workers involved in production of promos, utilizing knowledge of continuity writing, on-air promotion guidelines, filming and videotaping techniques, and usage of equipment. Edits scripts for continuity, applying knowledge of continuity writing. Contacts vendors to secure needed props, audio visual materials, and sound effects. Confers with operations and support services personnel to coordinate unit activities with those of other departments. Reviews and edits audio and video tapes, completed promos, and filler continuity, and schedules approved productions for broadcast. Arranges for timely delivery of promo materials to local or network promotion departments. Serves as liaison between station and advertising service of program sponsors or underwriters to coordinate unit activities with client promotional campaigns in other media.
EXTENSION CLERK
Processes requisitions for gas main or electric-power line extensions and keeps control records to report and coordinate construction activities between utility and contractors: Compiles information required for preparation of line- or main-extension contracts from construction sketches. Computes or verifies charges for customer. Reviews completed contracts and construction work orders for completeness and accuracy. Annotates subdivision plat books (maps) to indicate location and nature of construction shown on work order. Compiles reports from extension requisitions and work orders. Receives orders from customers by telephone and in person for services requiring extensions in main or distribution lines.
FAMILY PRACTITIONER
Provides comprehensive medical services for members of family, regardless of age or sex, on continuing basis: Examines patients, using medical instruments and equipment. Elicits and records information about patient's medical history. Orders or executes various tests, analyses, and diagnostic images to provide information on patient's condition. Analyzes reports and findings of tests and examination, and diagnoses condition of patient. Administers or prescribes treatments and medications. Promotes health by advising patients concerning diet, hygiene, and methods for prevention of disease. Inoculates and vaccinates patients to immunize patients from communicable diseases. Provides prenatal care to pregnant women, delivers babies, and provides postnatal care to mothers and infants [OBSTETRICIAN (medical ser.) 070.101-054]. Performs surgical procedures commensurate with surgical competency. Refers patients to medical specialist for consultant services when necessary for patient's well-being.
FILE CLERK I
Files records in alphabetical or numerical order, or according to subject matter or other system: Reads incoming material and sorts according to file system. Places cards, forms, microfiche, or other material in storage receptacle, such as file cabinet, drawer, or box. Locates and removes files upon request. Keeps records of material removed, stamps material received, traces missing files, and types indexing information on folders. May verify accuracy of material to be filed. May enter information on records. May examine microfilm and microfiche for legibility, using microfilm and microfiche viewers. May color-code material to be filed to reduce filing errors. May be designated according to subject matter filed, such as Change-of-Address Clerk (clerical); or according to material filed, such as File Clerk, Correspondence (clerical).
FOOD AND DRUG INSPECTOR
Inspects establishment where foods, drugs, cosmetics, and similar consumer items are manufactured, handled, stored, or sold to enforce legal standards of sanitation, purity, and grading: Visits specified establishments to investigate sanitary conditions and health and hygiene habits of persons handling consumer products. Collects samples of products for bacteriological and chemical laboratory analysis. Informs individuals concerned of specific regulations affecting establishments. Destroys subgrades, or prohibits sale of impure, toxic, damaged, or misbranded items. Questions employees, vendors, consumers, and other principals to obtain evidence for prosecuting violators. Ascertains that required licenses and permits have been obtained and are displayed. Prepares reports on each establishment visited, including findings and recommendations for action. May negotiate with marketers and processors to effect changes in facilities and practices, where undesirable conditions are discovered that are not specifically prohibited by law. May grade products according to specified standards. May test products, using variety of specialized test equipment, such as ultraviolet lights and filter guns. May investigate compliance with or violation of public sanitation laws and regulations and be designated Sanitary Inspector (government ser.).
FOSTER PARENT
Rears homeless or parentless children in own home as members of family: Organizes and schedules activities, such as recreation, rest periods, and sleeping time. Ensures child has nutritious diet. Instructs children in good personal and health habits. Bathes, dresses, and undresses young children. Washes and irons clothing. Accompanies children on outings and walks. Disciplines children when required. May return children to parents' home during weekends and holidays. May work under supervision of welfare agency. May prepare periodic reports concerning progress and behavior of children for welfare agency.
GAS-METER CHECKER
Inspects gas service lines and meters on customers' premises to detect tampering or improper use of gas: Examines meter case and meter connections for signs of tampering or improper use. Pulls meter with both hands to determine if meter can be tilted, causing it to register slowly. Examines visible gas lines and pipe joints for irregular connections. Submits inspection reports to supervisory personnel.
GENEALOGIST
Conducts research into genealogical background of individual or family in order to establish descent from specific ancestor or to discover and identify forebears of individual or family: Consults American and foreign genealogical tables and publications and documents, such as church and court records, for evidence of births, baptisms, marriages, deaths, and legacies in order to trace lines of descent or succession. Constructs chart showing lines of descent and family relationships. Prepares history of family in narrative form or writes brief sketches emphasizing points of interest in family background.
GENETICIST
Studies inheritance and variation of characteristics in forms of life: Performs experiments to determine laws, mechanisms, and environmental factors in origin, transmission, and development of inherited traits. Analyzes determinants responsible for specific inherited traits, such as color differences, size, and disease resistance to improve or to understand relationship of heredity to maturity, fertility, or other factors. Devises methods for altering or producing new traits, making use of chemicals, heat, light, or other means. May specialize in particular branch of genetics, such as molecular genetics or population genetics. May perform human genetic counseling or medical genetics.
GEOGRAPHER
Studies nature and use of areas of earth's surface, relating and interpreting interactions of physical and cultural phenomena: Conducts research on physical and climatic aspects of area or region, making direct observation of landforms, climates, soils, plants, and animals within area under study and incorporating available knowledge from related scientific fields, such as physics, geology, oceanography, meteorology, and biology. Studies human activities within given area, such as ethnic distribution, economic activity, and political organization. Acts as adviser or consultant to governments and international organizations on subjects, such as economic exploitation of regions and determination of ethnic and natural boundaries between nations or administrative areas. May use surveying equipment or meteorological instruments. May construct and interpret maps, graphs, and diagrams. May specialize in particular branch of cultural geography, such as economic, political, urban, social, or historical geography.
GEOLOGIST
Studies composition, structure, and history of earth's crust: Examines rocks, minerals, and fossil remains to identify and determine sequence of processes affecting development of earth. Applies knowledge of chemistry, physics, biology, and mathematics to explain these phenomena and to help locate mineral, geothermal, and petroleum deposits and underground water resources. Studies ocean bottom. Applies geological knowledge to engineering problems encountered in construction projects, such as dams, tunnels, and large buildings. Studies fossil plants and animals to determine their evolutionary sequence and age. Prepares geologic reports and maps, interprets research data, and recommends further study or action. May specialize in area of study and be designated Geomorphologist (profess. & kin.); Oceanographer, Geological (profess. & kin.); Photogeologist (profess. & kin.). May conduct or participate in environmental studies and prepare environmental reports. Workers applying principles of rock and soil mechanics for engineering projects may be designated Geological Engineer (profess. & kin.). Workers applying all branches of geologic knowledge to conditions that affect planning, design, construction, operation and safety to engineering projects may be designated Engineering Geologist (profess. & kin.).
GLASS BLOWER
Shapes gather (gob of molten glass) into glassware by blowing through blowpipe: Receives blowpipe from GATHERER (glass mfg.) 575.684-026 and examines gather on blowpipe for imperfections, utilizing knowledge of molten glass characteristics. Blows through pipe to inflate gather while rotating pipe to prevent sagging and to obtain desired shape, or blows and rotates gather in mold or on board to obtain final shape. May dip end of blowpipe into molten glass to collect gather on head of pipe. May strike neck of finished article to separate article from blow pipe. May pull gather with tongs to aid in shaping. May use compressed air to inflate gather. May be designated according to article blown as Bottle Blower (glass mfg.).
GOODWILL AMBASSADOR
Promotes goodwill and solicits trade for local business firms who are members of parent organization: Develops list of prospective clients from such sources as newspaper items, utility companies' records, and local merchants. Visits homes of new residents, prospective parents, recently married couples, engaged persons, and other prospects to explain and sell services available from local merchants. Usually presents token gifts or gift certificates to induce clients to use local services or purchase local merchandise. Prepares reports of services rendered and visits made for parent organization and member firms. May solicit new organization membership. May explain community services available. May organize clubs and plan parties for new residents.
GRAPHIC DESIGNER
Designs art and copy layouts for material to be presented by visual communications media such as books, magazines, newspapers, television, and packaging: Studies illustrations and photographs to plan presentation of material, product, or service. Determines size and arrangement of illustrative material and copy, selects style and size of type, and arranges layout based upon available space, knowledge of layout principles, and esthetic design concepts. Draws sample of finished layout and presents sample to ART DIRECTOR (profess. & kin.) 141.031-010 for approval. Prepares notes and instructions for workers who assemble and prepare final layouts for printing. Reviews final layout and suggests improvements as needed. May prepare illustrations or rough sketches of material according to instructions of client or supervisor. May prepare series of drawings to illustrate sequence and timing of story development for television production. May mark up, paste, and assemble final layouts to prepare layouts for printer. May specialize in particular field, medium, or type of layout. May produce still and animated graphic formats for on-air and taped portions of television news broadcasts, using electronic video equipment. May photograph layouts, using camera, to make layout prints for supervisor or client. May develop negatives and prints, using negative and print developing equipment, tools and work aids to produce layout photographs for client or supervisor. May key information into computer equipment to create layouts for client or supervisor.
GYNECOLOGIST
Diagnoses and treats diseases and disorders of female genital, urinary, and rectal organs: Examines patient to determine medical problem, utilizing physical findings, diagnostic images, laboratory test results, and patient's statements as diagnostic aids. Discusses problem with patient, and prescribes medication and exercise or hygiene regimen, or performs surgery as needed to correct malfunctions or remove diseased organ. May care for patient throughout pregnancy and deliver babies [OBSTETRICIAN (medical ser.) 070.101-054].
HAIR STYLIST
Specializes in dressing hair according to latest style, period, or character portrayal, following instructions of patron, MAKE-UP ARTIST (amuse. & rec.; motion picture; radio-tv broad.), or script: Questions patron or reads instructions of MAKE-UP ARTIST (amuse. & rec.; motion picture; radio-tv broad.) or script to determine hairdressing requirements. Studies facial features of patron or performing artist and arranges, shapes, and trims hair to achieve desired effect, using fingers, combs, barber scissors, hair-waving solutions, hairpins, and other accessories. Dyes, tints, bleaches, or curls or waves hair as required. May create new style especially for patron. May clean and style wigs. May style hairpieces and be designated Hairpiece Stylist (fabrication, nec).
HARBOR MASTER
Directs and coordinates activities of harbor police force to ensure enforcement of laws, regulations, and policies governing navigable waters and property under jurisdiction of municipality or port district: Confers with officials, such as port authorities, Coast Guard officers, and members of city council to establish policies, define responsibilities, and determine operating requirements. Issues general instructions and outline of departmental policies regarding water-traffic control, public safety, theft prevention, and apprehension of law violators to subordinate officers and confers with them to determine operating procedures. Authorizes or approves departmental expenditures, personnel actions, and department's participation or assistance in activities not regularly assigned. Prepares periodic activity reports and annual budget. May evaluate work performance of captain and crew of ship. May direct rescue operations from patrol launch after major disaster, such as ship collision or downed aircraft.
HISTORIAN
Prepares in narrative, brief, or outline form chronological account or record of past or current events dealing with some phase of human activity, either in terms of individuals, or social, ethnic, political, or geographic groupings: Assembles historical data by consulting sources of information, such as historical indexes and catalogs, archives, court records, diaries, news files, and miscellaneous published and unpublished materials. Organizes and evaluates data on basis of authenticity and relative significance. Acts as adviser or consultant, and performs research for individuals, institutions, and commercial organizations on subjects, such as technological evolution within industry or manners and customs peculiar to certain historical period. May trace historical development within restricted field of research, such as economics, sociology, or philosophy.
HORSE TRAINER
Trains horses for riding, show, work, or racing: Feeds, exercises, grooms, and talks to horses to accustom them to human voice and contact. Talks to horses to calm and encourage them to follow lead, or standstill when hitched or groomed. Places tack or harness on horse to accustom horse to feel of equipment. Mounts and rides saddle horse to condition horse to respond to oral, spur, or rein command, according to knowledge of horse's temperament and riding technique. Hitches draft horse to wagon, sledge, or other horse drawn equipment and conditions horse to perform in single or multiple hitch, using rein and oral commands. Trains horses for show competition according to prescribed standards for gaits, form, manners, and performance, using knowledge of characteristics of different breeds and operating routines of horse shows. Retrains horses to break habits, such as kicking, bolting, and resisting bridling and grooming. Usually specializes in conditioning and developing horses of one breed only, or in training horses for one type of riding, driving, racing, or show activity. May train horses for racing, utilizing knowledge of training methods to plan training, according to peculiarities of each horse and instructs JOCKEY (amuse. & rec.) 153.244-010 on how to handle specific horse during race and be designated Racehorse Trainer (amuse. & rec.). May train horses or other equines to carry pack loads and work as part of pack train. May arrange for mating of stallions and mares, and assist mares during foaling. May train horses as independent operator and advise owners on purchase of horses.
HORTICULTURIST
Conducts experiments and investigations to determine methods of breeding, producing, storing, processing, and transporting of fruits, nuts, berries, vegetables, flowers, bushes, and trees: Experiments to develop new or improved varieties having higher yield, quality, nutritional value, resistance to disease, or adaptability to climates, soils, uses, or processes. Determines best methods of planting, spraying, cultivating, and harvesting. May specialize in research, breeding, production, or shipping and storage of fruits, nuts, berries, vegetables, ornamental plants, or other horticultural products and be identified according to specialty. May prepare articles and give lectures on horticultural specialty.
HOTEL CLERK
Performs any combination of following duties for guests of hotel or motel: Greets, registers, and assigns rooms to guests. Issues room key and escort instructions to BELLHOP (hotel & rest.) 324.677-010. Date stamps, sorts, and racks incoming mail and messages. Transmits and receives messages, using telephone or telephone switchboard. Answers inquiries pertaining to hotel services; registration of guests; and shopping, dining, entertainment, and travel directions. Keeps records of room availability and guests' accounts, manually or using computer. Computes bill, collects payment, and makes change for guests [CASHIER (clerical) I 211.362-010]. Makes and confirms reservations. May post charges, such as room, food, liquor, or telephone, to ledger, manually or using computer [BOOKKEEPER (clerical) 210.382-014]. May make restaurant, transportation, or entertainment reservation, and arrange for tours. May deposit guests' valuables in hotel safe or safe-deposit box. May order complimentary flowers or champagne for guests. May rent dock space at marina-hotel. May work on one floor and be designated Floor Clerk (hotel & rest.). May be known as Key Clerk (hotel & rest.); Reservation Clerk (hotel & rest.); Room Clerk (hotel & rest.) or according to specific area in which employed as Front Desk Clerk (hotel & rest.).
ILLUSTRATOR
Draws or paints illustrations for use by various media to explain or adorn printed or spoken word: Studies layouts, sketches of proposed illustrations, and related materials to become familiar with assignment. Determines style, technique, and medium best suited to produce desired effects and conform with reproduction requirements, or receives specific instructions regarding these variables. Formulates concept and renders illustration and detail from models, sketches, memory, and imagination. Discusses illustration at various stages of completion and makes changes as necessary. May select type, draw lettering, lay out material, or perform related duties. May be identified according to specific style, technique, medium, subject material or combination of variables. May draw or paint graphic material and lettering to be used for title, background, screen advertising, commercial logo, and other visual layouts for motion picture production and television programming and be designated Title Artist (motion picture; radio-tv broad.).
INDUSTRIAL ENGINEER
Plans utilization of facilities, equipment, materials, and personnel to improve efficiency of operations: Studies functional statements, organization charts, and project information to determine functions and responsibilities of workers and work units and to identify areas of duplication. Establishes work measurement programs and analyzes work samples to develop standards for labor utilization. Analyzes work force utilization, facility layout, and operational data, such as production costs, process flow charts, and production schedules, to determine efficient utilization of workers and equipment. Recommends methods for improving worker efficiency and reducing waste of materials and utilities, such as restructuring job duties, reorganizing work flow, relocating work stations and equipment, and purchase of equipment. Confers with management and engineering staff to implement plans and recommendations. May develop management systems for cost analysis, financial planning, wage and salary administration, and job evaluation.
INFANTRY UNIT LEADER
Supervises or assists in supervision of personnel during training and tactical employment of infantry unit: Directs personnel in preparing weapons and equipment for movement and combat operations. Directs personnel in establishment of unit command post and assists in operation of command post. Assists supervisor in formulating plans of employment of unit and in directing and leading infantry unit. Assists supervisor in coordinating employment of unit's fire and support weapons. Inspects unit weapons and equipment to determine functioning condition of weapons and equipment and initiates action to correct deficiencies. Directs personnel in preparation of unit correspondence, reports, schedules, and rosters. Directs personnel in distribution of ammunition, food, and other supplies.
INSPECTOR
Inspects manufactured buildings for conformance to specifications during specified intervals of assembly line construction: Measures dimensions and spacing of structural members in building components, such as walls, floors, ceilings, closets and windows for conformance to specifications, using square, plumb, and tape measure. Compares room dimensions, wall alignments, plumbing, and electrical elements with blueprints. Fills plumbing system with air to check for leaks, using air pump and pressure gauge. Tests electrical system for completeness of circuits, using ohmmeter. Inspects surfaces of walls, floors, and ceilings for defects, such as color irregularities, warped sections, and cracks. Compares furnishings of manufactured buildings with customer's order to ensure compliance. Prepares inspection report on findings for SUPERVISOR, MANUFACTURED BUILDINGS (mfd. bldgs.; vehicles, nec).
INSURANCE CLERK
Compiles records of insurance policies covering risks to property and equipment of industrial organization: Files records of insurance transactions and keeps calendar of premiums due and expiration dates of policies. Prepares vouchers for payment of premiums and verifies that payments have been made. Fills in data on renewal policy applications and forwards applications to insurance company. Compiles statistical data for reports to insurance company and departments in organization. May notify insurance company of changes in property or equipment affecting insurance coverage. May type amortization schedules.
IRONWORKER-MACHINE OPERATOR
Sets up and operates machine equipped with separate sections that cut-to-length, punch, and notch or trim structural shapes and plates: Positions specified punch and die set and turns pressure screws to lock them into ram and bed of machine to set up punching section. Positions specified cutting blades into cutting slot, and notc